Django
Activate an environment
Pre-install django in this env
conda create -n tutorial django=1.8
activate tutorial
mkdir tutorial
cd tutorial
Create requirements.txt
And install via pip (if needed):
touch requirements.txt
django==1.8 > requirements.txt
pip install -r requirements.txt
Init django
Create scaffold for django (note . to use current folder)
django-admin.py startproject addressbook .
C:.
│ manage.py
│ requirements.txt
│
└───addressbook
settings.py
urls.py
wsgi.py
__init__.py
Create next app inside project
Invoke manage function to create app structure
python manage.py startapp contacts
C:.
│ manage.py
│ requirements.txt
│
├───addressbook
│ settings.py
│ settings.pyc
│ urls.py
│ wsgi.py
│ __init__.py
│ __init__.pyc
│
└───contacts
│ admin.py
│ models.py
│ tests.py
│ views.py
│ __init__.py
│
└───migrations
__init__.py
Set up database details in addressbook/settings.py
Template varies between django 1.5 and 1.8. See docs
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'addresses.db'),
}
}
Create a basic contact model
Modify contacts/models.py
from django.db import models
class Contact(models.Model):
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
email = models.EmailField()
def __str__(self):
return self.first_name + " " + self.last_name
And sync DB
python manage.py syncdb
This will create addresses.db in your root folder
Register contacts as installed app
Modify settings.py to match:
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'contacts',
)
Sync again
python manage.py syncdb
For Django 1.8 :
Migrations are required to apply changes to the database, such as creating tables:
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
Verify the model has been migrated using the shell with python manage.py shell
>>> from models.contact import Contact
>>> Contact.objects.create(first_name='cdv', last_name='cdv', email='cdv@cdv.com')
>>> Contact.objects.all()
<Contact: cdv cdv>
>>> Contact.objects.find(first_name__startswith='c')
<Contact: cdv cdv>
Queries return a QuerySet object (lazy loader) that allows function chanining
Write your tests
Modify the existing file contacts/tests.py to match:
from django.test import TestCase
from contacts.models import Contact
class ContactTests(TestCase):
def test_str(self):
c = Contact(first_name='Kevin', last_name='Bacon')
self.assertEqual(str(c), 'Kevin Bacon')
Then run the test with
python manage.py test
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.017s
OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...
Create a ListView and Template, wire them
Modify contacts/views.py to match:
from django.views.generic import ListView
from contacts.models import Contact
class ContactListView(ListView):
model = Contact
template_name = 'contact_list.html'
Alter urls.py to look like:
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
import contacts.views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', contacts.views.ContactListView.as_view(),
name='contacts-list'),
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
]
Create a template at contacts\templates\contact_list.html
<h1>Contacts</h1>
<ul>
{% for contact in object_list %}
<li>{{ contact }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
Test with
python manage.py runserver
Add a contact form
Modify views.py to match
from django.views.generic import ListView, CreateView
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from contacts.models import Contact
class ContactListView(ListView):
model = Contact
template_name = 'contact_list.html'
class CreateContactView(CreateView):
model = Contact
fields = ['first_name', 'last_name', 'email']
template_name = 'edit_contact.html'
def get_success_url(self):
return reverse('contacts-list')
Create templates\contact_list.html. The csrf (cross-site request forgery token) is part of the Django specification.
<h1>
Add contact
</h1>
<form action="{% url 'contacts-new' %}" method="POST">
{% csrf_token %}
<ul>
{{ form.as_ul }}
</ul>
<input type="submit" value="Save" />
</form>
Add it to the urls.py file
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
import contacts.views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', contacts.views.ContactListView.as_view(),
name='contacts-list'),
url(r'^new$', contacts.views.CreateContactView.as_view(),
name='contacts-new'),
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
]
Run again and browse to http://localhost:8000/new
python manage.py runserver